Improvement in lappet loom



wLLIAM AsrINALL, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Prte-nt No. 104,687.' lated J'une 2S, 1870.

IMPROVEMNT IN' LAPPET LOOM.

Thel Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and makingpart cf thesame.

I, WlnmAM AsrlNALL, of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia and StateotPcnnsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Looms, of whichthe following is a specification.,

Net-ure and Object of the `l'zwcntion..`

The rst part of my invention relates to an improved device lor givingmotion to the needle-bars. and pini bars of looms used forprodueing'ianey or stitched ing circular cloth.

Figure 5, an endview of the same.

Figure 6 is a front view of the improved tension dcvic'e.

Figure' 7 is a, diagram exhibiting the form of the cloth when it is`taken offv the conical roller, and the manner in which its even densityor texture is proa served.

G'cneml Description.

The pin-bar a, figs. 1, 2, and 3, `slides vertically bctween the. slideb ofthe lay b, in V-guidesbiig. 3, provided for that purpose. 'lhisvvertical motion is produced by the inclined planes fr, iigs. 1, 2, and3.

` As thecranks c, connected with the lay b, by connecting-rods d, causesaid lay to oscillate on the pin @and asthe `left `c nd of theincline'is further from the center of oscillation than the right end, itfollows that` the pin-bar, resting upon said incline, must move awayfrom said center when t-he lay moves toward Iheleft, and `toward thatcenter, when the lay rocks to the right.

'lo give the vertical motion of the pin-har greater steadiness when theloom works at a high speed, the guides al have been provided, whichslide in recesses infth'e brace l.

On the back of the vpin-bar arethe needle-hars o o, which, in additionto the vertical motion imparted to them by the pin-bar, have also ahoiizontal sliding motion, 'which `is produced by the following means:

. The pin e, on which the lay rocks, is elongated to suport on itsextremity the bar f, the latter being also l: stoned to the lay above;

The spindle g, fastened to the bar j' on o ne end,

and to the side b' on the lay on the other, carries the ratchet `wheelh, to which the detachable patternrings i 'il are fastened.

lhe spindle y and wheel h'partake .of the motion of 'the lay l), and, asthe latter oseillates, the 'pa-wl lt,

whose center stud Z is fastenedinto the loom frame, drops at everyalternate `stroke of the lay behind a tooth of the ratchet-wheel, and,on its return stroke, 7L is moved through the angular distance equal toits pitch. f

rlhe pawl 'on prevents the wheel h from moving in the wrong direction.

The levers jj', connected with the needle-hars o o n by linlisn nl andears p p1, bear against the serratedv or curved edges of thepattern-rings i il, and are kept tightly against them hy means ofsprings yr r1.

It will now be noticed that, as the wheel h, and with it thepattern-rings, revolve, the levers i 7 will oseilla'te on their studs ss1, according to the shape ot' the, edge ofthe pattern-rings, and willcommunicate said motion to the needle-bars.

The motion of the levers is very limited, owing to the deviation from avertical line, in their oscillation, which, when very great, impairs theaccuracy of their movement. To obvia-te this, and at the same time toobtain a loom capable of producing a. more elaborate' pattern ofneedle-work, I have devised thefollowi'ng arrangement- The studs s s areconnected-with each otherby an eye, t, which latter is capable ofsliding freely on the spindle y.

The cloth-beam is provided on one end with a pin ion, Iu, figs. l and 4,gearing into agear-wheel,u,-1igs. l and 3, which latter revolves looselyon a stud, c.

On the hub of the wheel u is fastened a cam, wi, .which gives motion tothe lever y, figs. 1 and 3. This lever has its fulcrum stud at 'Q/f,between its ex trexnlties, one of which hears against the back of thewheel h, as shown in iig'. 3, so that any motion conimnnicated by thebeam c and wheels u and fu.' to the lever y, will be transferred to thewheel h, studs s s, and levers j j.

As the lever is only capable of moving the wheel h., studs s s, Sto.,outward, a spring, s, is provided to bring them back to their originalposition, as the lever y moves back.

1t will he evident that this' motion is entirely inde. pendent of thatgiven to the levers by the edge of the pattern-rings, and is dependentupon the diierencein the size of the gears u u', the speed of theclothbeam and the shape ofthe cam on the hub of 4u; hence, by these, them'otioucan be regulated to obtain the resnlt desired. l

The U-shaped guides ol, for the needle-bars, are fastened to the loweredge of the pin-bar by ascrew,

a", and are provided with a slotthrougl1 which said supports o2 c", andthe other to the levers c2 e, which can revolve freely on said studs.

The extremities of these levers are connected by wires flz f", overwhich the taut threads g2 ge pass.

The springs, by their tendency to `v uncoil, would partly revolve thelevers on their studs, but the threads prevent this motion, and, by thestrain brought upon them, are kept at the proper tension. This tensioncan be regulated by turning the levers around on -their studs more orless, or by fastening the ends of the spiral springs at different pointsaround the studs.

'.lo do away with the necessity of cutting goods into tapering piecesfor skirts, 85e., for example, I weave the cloth circular.7 By the wordcircular I Inca-n cloth, the selvages of which represent concentric arcsor circles, or, in other words, cloth which represents the developedsurface of a c one, as shown in fig. 7. 'Io produce this kind of cloththe warp is wound upon a'conica-l beam, h?, which may be either rigid oradjustable, as shown in fig. 4. From this beam the warpthreads 1 2 passover the whip-roller i, over the race-board id, and breast beam l, asusual; but, instead of the cloth passing over, and being wound upon, acylindrical roller, it is rolled on a conical one, c, fig. 4.

It will be evident that the warp and the cloth which passes around thelarge ends of the cones moves with a greater velocity than that towardthe'small end, aswill be made plain by reference to fig. 4, where theright side of the cloth has moved from 3 to 4, while the left side hasonly moved from l to 2; hence, the distance between Ithe weft orfilling-threads is greater on one side of the cloth than on the other,and, the length of all the weft-threads being the same, it follows thatthey must be parts of radii of circles, of

vhich the warp-threads are the circumference, as in Itis diicnlt in thiskind of weaving to make the .texture or density of the cloth uniform, inconsequence of the varying distance between the weft-threads. It hasbeen attempted to obviate this difficulty by pnttingthe warp-threadsgradually closer together toward the long side of the cloth in the sameproportion as the weft or filling-threads are further apart;v but thismakes the cloth appear entirely different toward the one side to what itdoes toward the other.

In my invention the result is obtained by causing, as often` as is foundexpedient, a weft-thread to be woven in t-he fabric on the long sideonly, by not crossing the warn-threads, or, technically', by not forminga shed through the whole width, so that there will be more wett-threadson the long side of the cloth than on theshort side, as shown in figs. 4and 7. l I need not describe the method by which this nonforming of theshed through part of the width of the cloth is accomplished, as that iswell known to every practical weaver. v

In my invention this difficulty is obviated by passing the thread whichis intended to catch the weftthreads on the .long side of the cloththrough the needle o, on the needle-bar o, and not through the regularheddles. Now, as this needle reciprocates transversely across the cloth,moving the thread with it, it fol- -lows that the ridge above referredto is diffused more through vthe cloth, and cannot be detected. Thistraversing-thread is shown in figs, 4 and 7 by the lines g g2, and thepoints where the warp is caught is indicated by 7 8 9 10, 85e.

The conical roller shown in fig. 4 is made so that its taper can bevaried.

On the eylinder'mn is fastened the head n. This head is provided withjaws o, into which slats p p are hinged. rIhe other end of the cylinderis provided with a screw-threw, over which the plate r can slide beenpurposely omitted from fig. l, in order to avoid confusion. Thestuds ssl and the cars p pl, between which the levers-jj and links a n form theconnection, will be easily recognized in the drawihg,rig. 1.

I do not claim anything as my invention which is not mentioned in thefollowing clauses, although the saine be described in the foregoingspecification.

I claim as my invention- 1. The revolving and sliding wheel h, attachedto and' moving wit-h the lay b, substantially as and for the purposeherein set forth.

2. The levers jj on the movable studs s s, in combination with therevolving and sliding wheel h, substanlially as 4and for the purpose setforth.

3. The combination 'ot' the spiral spring.,r z with the studs s and s1.and revolving and sliding wheel 74', substantially as and for thepurpose specified.

4. The 1mtternrings .131', with the revolving and sliding wheel li, whenconstructed and arrange/.l as described.

5. The combination of the levers j j, spiral springs 'r rl, links n n,and needle-slides o o, with the revolving and sliding wheel h,substantially as and for the purpose specitied.

6. The construct-ion and arrangement of the gears a u', cam w, and levery, in combination with the revolving and sliding wheel h, allconstructed and ar-4 ranged substantially as and for the purposespecified.

7. The tension device, constructed and operating substantially as hereindescribed.

Y WILLIAM ASPIN ALL. Witnesses:

OHAs. E. lANcoAs'r, JAMES Landen.

